Front Matter
NOTE: Hold the button on the right to scroll up- and- down
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................vi
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................vii
LIST OF DRAWING ILLUSTRATIONS.................................................................................viii
PREFACE.....................................................................................................................................ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER ....................................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
1.1. Navigation..............................................................................................................................2
1.2. DR Navigational Instruments...........................................................................................2
1.3. How the DR navigation works.........................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2.................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION TO THE GYROSCOPIC DR NSTRUMENTS .......................................9
2.1. General Classification........................................................................................................9
2.2. Theoretical Approach......................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................19
DIRECTIONAL GYRO INDICATOR (DGI).............................................................................19
3.1 The Gyrosyn Compass System......................................................................................20
3.2. The DGI as a ‘DR Heading Reference’.......................................................................21
3.3. The DGI Rotor Speed.....................................................................................................28
3.4 Problem Solution..............................................................................................................30
CHAPTER 4...............................................................................................................................38
ARTIFICIAL HORIZON............................................................................................................38
4.1. Ways to co- relate the Pitch with vorticity..................................................................38
CHAPTER 5...............................................................................................................................43
RATE OF TURN INDICATOR.................................................................................................43
5.1 New Rate of Turn Indicators...........................................................................................43
5.2. Ways to co- relate Turn with vorticity.........................................................................45
CHAPTER 6...............................................................................................................................49
THE MAGNETIC COMPASS.................................................................................................49
6.1. Types of Magnetic Compasses....................................................................................49
6.2. Using the DRC as a ‘DR Heading Reference’..........................................................50
6.3. Definitions..........................................................................................................................51
6.4. Electro- Static Magnetism.............................................................................................56
6.5. Problem Solution: Dynamic Compass Dev...............................................................69
CHAPTER 7................................................................................................................................75
THE INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM...............................................................................75
7.1. The INS as a ‘DR Navigational Reference’.................................................................75
7.3. Upper Air Chart Analysis................................................................................................81
7.4. Problem solution about the INS...................................................................................82
CHAPTER 8...............................................................................................................................84
INTRODUCTION TO THE PRESSURE................................................................................84
DR INSTRUMENTS..................................................................................................................84
8.1. Dynamics of Pressure Instruments..............................................................................85
8.2. Definitions.........................................................................................................................93
8.3. Pressure Instruments as ‘DR Nav Reference’..........................................................94
CHAPTER 9...............................................................................................................................99
THE VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR...................................................................................99
9.1. Barometric Error...............................................................................................................99
9.2. Wind- Shear....................................................................................................................100
9.3. Lag Error...........................................................................................................................101
CHAPTER 10............................................................................................................................102
THE PRESSURE ALTIMETER...............................................................................................102
10.1. The Pressure Error........................................................................................................103
10.2. Problem Solution..........................................................................................................107
CHAPTER 11..............................................................................................................................110
THE AIR SPEED INDICATOR................................................................................................110
11.1. Dynamic Pressure...........................................................................................................110
11.2. Compressibility Error.....................................................................................................112
11.3. Problem Solution............................................................................................................113
APPENDIX................................................................................................................................120
BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................................122
INDEX........................................................................................................................................124